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Traces and echoes of <i>De Architecturai> by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in the work of Xu Guangqi in 17th

Michela CIGOLA,Yibing FANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 3-11 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0359-5

Abstract: the 16th and 17th centuries by analyzing a book of Western technology that he wrote, namely, <i>Taixi Shuifai> (<i>On Western Hydraulicsi>).Taixi Shuifai>.We found that Archimedes’ screw and Ctesibius’ machine, which are included in Vitruvius’<i> De Architecturai> volumes, also appear in the work of Xu Guangqi.

Keywords： Vitruvius’ <i>De Architecturai>     Xu Guangqi’s <i>Taixi Shuifai>     Jesuit missionaries     Italian Renaissance    

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Effects of SO

Quanming Liang, Jian Li, Hong He, Wenjun Liang, Tiejun Zhang, Xing Fan

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0926-6

Abstract: The effects of different loading of CeO and different preparation methods on De-NO activity of catalystsCeO helped to improve the De-NO activity and sulfur resistance.The optimal loading of CeO was 3% with the De-NO efficiency reached 89.9% at 140°C.The results showed that the De-NO activity of 3% CeO -VWT catalysts by one-step method was the sameNot only the thermal stability but also the De-NO activity of catalysts decreased with excess CeO competed

Keywords： Low temperature SCR     De-NO<i>xi> activity     Sulfur resistance     Ammonium sulfate    

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Low-k integration: Gas screening for cryogenic etching and plasma damage mitigation

Lefaucheux, Christian Dussarrat, Jean François de Marneffe

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3,   Pages 511-516 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1820-5

Abstract: The integration of porous organo-silicate low- materials has met a lot of technical challenges. One of the main issues is plasma-induced damage, occurring for all plasma steps involved during interconnects processing. In the present paper, we focus on porous SiOCH low- damage mitigation using cryogenic temperature so as to enable micro-capillary condensation. The aim is to protect the porous low- from plasma-induced damage and keep the -value of the material unchanged, in order to limit the RC delay of interconnexion levels while shrinking the microchip dimension. The cryogenic temperature is used to condense a gas inside the porous low- material. Then, the etching process is performed at the temperature of condensation in order to keep the condensate trapped inside the material during the etching. In the first part of this work, the condensation properties of several gases are screened, leading to a down selection of five gases. Then, their stability into the porous structure is evaluated at different temperature. Four of them are used for plasma damage mitigation comparison. Damage mitigation is effective and shows negligible damage for one of the gases at –50°C.

Keywords： low-<i>ki>     nanotechnology     micro-electronics     cryo-etching     plasma processing    

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Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0262-x

Abstract: Rock mass classification system is very suitable for various engineering design and stability analysis. classification method is confirmed by Japan Highway Public Corporation that this method can figure out either strength or deformability of rock mass, further appropriating the amount of rock bolts, thickness of shotcrete, and size of pitch of steel ribs just after the blasting procedure. Based on these advantages of method, in this study, according to data of five deep and long tunnels in Iran, two equations for estimating the value of method from and classification systems were developed. These equations as a new method were able to optimize the support system for and classification systems. From classification and its application in these case studies, it is pointed out that the method for the design of support systems in underground working is more reliable than the and classification systems.

Keywords： <i>JHi> classification     <i>Qi> and <i>RMRi> classification     new method    

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The Potential Role of Powdery Mildew-Resistance Gene <i>Pm40i> in Chinese Wheat-Breeding Programs inthe Post-<i>Pm21i> Era Perspective

Shengwen Tang,Yuting Hu,Shengfu Zhong,Peigao Luo

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

Abstract:

Powdery mildew, which is caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important leaf disease that affects wheat yield. Powdery mildew-resistance (Pm) gene Pm21 was first transferred into wheat in the 1980s, by translocating the Heuchera villosa chromosome arm 6VS to the wheat chromosome arm 6AL (6VS·6AL). Recently, new Bgt isolates that are virulent to Pm21 have been identified in some wheat fields, indicating that wheat breeders should be aware of the risk of deploying Pm21, although pathological details regarding these virulent isolates still remain to be discovered. Pm40 was identified and mapped on the wheat chromosome arm 7BS from several wheat lines developed from the progenies of a wild cross between wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium. Pm40 offers a broad spectrum of resistance to Bgt, which suggests that it is likely to provide potentially durable resistance. Cytological methods did not detect any large alien chromosomal segment in the wheat lines carrying Pm40. Lines with Pm40 and promising agronomical traits have been released by several wheat-breeding programs in the past several years. Therefore, we believe that Pm40 will play a role in powdery mildew-resistance wheat breeding after Pm21 resistance is overcome by Bgt isolates. In addition, both Pm21 and Pm40 were derived from alien species, suggesting that the resistance genes derived from alien species are potentially more durable or effective than those identified from wheat.

Keywords： Wheat     Powdery mildew     <i>Pm21i>     <i>Pm40i>     Alien species     Native resistance    

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Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

De Silva,Tharaka D. Rathnaweera,Adheesha K. M. S. Bandara

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 546-551 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.024

Abstract:

Mineral consumption is increasing rapidly as more consumers enter the market for minerals and as the global standard of living increases. As a result, underground mining continues to progress to deeper levels in order to tackle the mineral supply crisis in the 21st century. However, deep mining occurs in a very technical and challenging environment, in which significant innovative solutions and best practice are required and additional safety standards must be implemented in order to overcome the challenges and reap huge economic gains. These challenges include the catastrophic events that are often met in deep mining engineering: rockbursts, gas outbursts, high in situ and redistributed stresses, large deformation, squeezing and creeping rocks, and high temperature. This review paper presents the current global status of deep mining and highlights some of the newest technological achievements and opportunities associated with rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering in deep mining. Of the various technical achievements, unmanned working-faces and unmanned mines based on fully automated mining and mineral extraction processes have become important fields in the 21st century.

Keywords： Deep mining     Rock mechanics     Rockburst     <i>In situi>stresses     Mining automation    

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NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

Abstract: The electrocatalyst NiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF, comprised of NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheetsNiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkalineA solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuO<i>xi>/NF has an almost 100%The NiFeRuO<i>xi> coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical

Keywords： NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven    

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Torsional behavior of triangular web profile (TRIWP) steel section by experimental study

Fatimah DE’NAN,Hazwani HASAN,Mohd Hanim OSMAN,Sariffudin SAAD

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 409-419 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0358-6

Abstract: TriWP steel sections were smaller than that of the FW steel section under the same torsional loading i.e

Keywords： corrugated web     i-beam     non uniform steel section     torsion resistance     torsion angle     triangular web profile    

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Presence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of RE-<i>cmeABCi>-Positive <i>Campylobacteri> Isolated Article

Dejun Liu, Weiwen Liu, Xing Li, Hong Yao, Zhangqi Shen, Yang Wang, Jianzhong Shen

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 34-39 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.013

Abstract:

Campylobacter spp. (C. spp.) are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. RE-CmeABC is a newly identified resistance-enhancing multidrug efflux pump of C. spp. that confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones, phenicols, macrolides, and tetracyclines, all of which are critical drugs in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we analyzed the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of RE-cmeABC-positive Campylobacter isolates of food-animal origin from three representative regions (Shandong, Shanghai, and Guangdong) in China over three successive years, from 2014 to 2016. A total of 1088 Campylobacter isolates (931 C. coli and 157 C. jejuni) were recovered from the RE-cmeABC screening. We detected 122 (11.2%) RE-cmeABC-positive isolates of chicken origin, including 111 (70.7%) C. jejuni and 11 (1.2%) C. coli. This multidrug efflux pump is more prevalent among C. jejuni than C. coli. The level of resistance was significantly different in 111 RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni versus 46 RE-cmeABC-negative C. jejuni for florfenicol, clindamycin, and erythromycin (P < 0.05), but not for ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin. However, the isolates harboring RE-cmeABC could shift the minimum inhibitory concentration distribution to the higher range for CIP and TET. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis suggested that horizontal transmission might be involved in the dissemination of RE-cmeABC in Shanghai and Guangdong, while clonal expansion was predominant in Shandong. Three isolates shared the indiscriminate PFGE types of RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni isolates in Shanghai and Guangdong, and four isolates in Shanghai and Shandong. Our study suggests the possibility of a wide dissemination of RE-cmeABC in Campylobacter of food-animal origin, which would pose a significant threat to public health.

Keywords： RE-<i>cmeABCi>     <i>Campylobacteri>     Ciprofloxacin     Florfenicol    

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A highly efficient methodology for the preparation of

Yongxin Zhang, Shucheng Wang, Yaodong Huang

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 679-686 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1979-9

Abstract: A convenient and highly efficient method is described for the synthesis of -methoxycarbazole derivatives, including those with sterically demanding, benzannulated, or strongly electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents. Various -methoxycarbazole derivatives were directly prepared in good-to-moderate yields by the Pd (dba) CHCl /9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene-catalyzed reactions of the corresponding dibromobiphenyl compounds and methoxya-mine. Based on this methodology, the first total synthesis of 3,3′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9 -carbazole), an antimicrobial dimeric carbazole alkaloid previously isolated from the stem bark of , was achieved in 18% yield over seven steps from 1,2-dibromobenzene.

Keywords： <i>Ni>-methoxyl carbazole     dimeric <i>Ni>-methoxyl carbazole     alkaloid     total synthesis     double <i>Ni>-arylation of methoxyamine    

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Thermal and Mechanical Properties Optimization of <i>ABi>O4 Type EuNbO4 By the<i>Bi>-Site Substitution of Ta Article

Lin Chen, Jing Feng

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 177-184 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.006

Abstract:

Ferroelastic ABO4 type RETaO4 and RENbO4 ceramics (where RE stands for rare earth) are being investigated as promising thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and the mechanical properties of RETaO4 have been found to be better than those of RENbO4. In this work, B-site substitution of tantalum (Ta) is used to optimize the thermal and mechanical properties of EuNbO4 fabricated through a solid-state reaction (SSR). The crystal structure is clarified by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy; and the surface microstructure is surveyed via scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The Young's modulus and the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of EuNbO4 are effectively increased; with respective maximum values of 169 GPa and 11.2×10–6 K–1 (at 1200 °C). The thermal conductivity is reduced to 1.52 W·K−1·m−1 (at 700 °C), and the thermal radiation resistance is improved. The relationship between the phonon thermal diffusivity and temperature was established in order to determine the intrinsic phonon thermal conductivity by eliminating the thermal radiation effects. The results indicate that the thermal and mechanical properties of EuNbO4 can be effectually optimized via the B-site substitution of Ta, and that
this proposed material can be applied as a high-temperature structural ceramic in future.

Keywords： Thermal barrier coatings     Rare earth niobates     Substitution     Thermal conductivity     Thermal expansion coefficients     Young’s modulus    

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Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using – correlations

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1199-1208 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0749-1

Abstract: Shear wave velocity ( <i>Vi> S) is a key parameter in such analysis, although the economyVarious <i>Vi> S–SPT– <i>Ni> correlations are routinely incorporated in seismic hazardanalysis to estimate the value of <i>Vi> S.i> S calculations.The scattering nature of the <i>Vi> S values estimated using different <i>Vi> S

Keywords： uncertainties     <i>Vi> S– <i>Ni> correlations     <i>Vi> S30     SPT data     statistical    

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Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1296-z

Abstract: Abstract • New method named CAbOP is presented based on ordering data according to power. • Three emission models are used and their emission results compared. • Emissions data are analyzed in real driving cycles under CAbOP criteria. • Methodology to collect data and reconstruct lost data in real urban driving cycles. In this work three fuel consumption and exhaust emission models, ADVISOR, VT-MICRO and the European Environmental Agency Emission factors, have been used to obtain fuel consumption (FC) and exhaust emissions. These models have been used at micro-scale, using the two signal treatment methods presented. The manuscript presents: 1) a methodology to collect data in real urban driving cycles, 2) an estimation of FC and tailpipe emissions using some available models in literature, and 3) a novel analysis of the results based on delivered wheel power. The results include Fuel Consumption (FC), CO2, NOx and PM10 emissions, which are derived from the three simulators. In the first part of the paper we present a new procedure for incomplete drive cycle data treatment, which is necessary for real drive cycle acquisition in high density cities. Then the models are used to obtain second by second FC and exhaust emissions. Finally, a new methodology named Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP) is presented and used to compare the results. This method consists in the re-ordering of time dependant data, considering the wheel mechanical power domain instead of the standard time domain. This new strategy allows the 5 situations in drive cycles to be clearly visualized: hard breaking zone, slowdowns, idle or stop zone, sustained speed zone and acceleration zone. The complete methodology is applied in two real drive cycles surveyed in Barcelona (Spain) and the results are compared with a standardized WLTC urban cycle.

Keywords： Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP)     Micro and macro models     Real drive cycle     NO<i>xi>    

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<i>RR1i> and <i>RR2i> gene deletion affects the immunogenicity of a live attenuated pseudorabies

Shijun YAN,He YAN,Chaolin ZHANG,Tongyan WANG,Qingyuan YANG,Zhe SUN,Yan XIAO,Feifei TAN,Xiangdong LI,Kegong TIAN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 1,   Pages 81-86 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016088

Abstract: As virulence-determining genes, and encode the small subunit and large subunit of viral ribonucleotide reductase (RR) in pseudorabies virus which have been extensively studied in mice. However, their role in pigs has not been adequately investigated. In this study, we deleted and genes based on a / / triple gene-deleted pseudorabies virus and tested its efficacy in pigs as a vaccine candidate. The rescued virus showed similar growth properties and plaque size as its parent strain. In an animal study, the virus could elicit humoral immune responses shown by generation of gB-specific antibodies and virus neutralizing antibodies. However, vaccination could not provide protection against virulent pseudorabies virus challenge since vaccinated pigs showed clinical pseudorabies-specific syndromes. The deficiency in protection may due to the generation of late and low levels of gB antibodies and virus neutralizing antibodies.

Keywords： pseudorabies virus     <i>RR1i> and <i>RR2i>     ribonucleotide reductase     vaccine candidate    

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Efficient acetoin production from pyruvate by engineered whole-cell biocatalysis

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 425-436 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2229-0

Abstract: <i>Halomonas bluephagenesisi>, a chassis for next generation of industrial biotechnology, has advantagesHere, <i>αi>-acetolactate synthase and <i>αi>-acetolactate decarboxylase from <i>Bacillus subtilisi> 168 were co-expressed in <i>H. bluephagenesisi> to produce acetoin from pyruvate.After reaction condition optimization and further increase of <i>αi>-acetolactate decarboxylase expressionThis work therefore provided an efficient <i>H. bluephagenesisi> whole-cell catalysis with a broad

Keywords： acetoin     pyruvate     <i>αi>-acetolactate synthetase     <i>αi>-acetolactate decarboxylase     <i>Halomonasbluephagenesisi>     whole-cell biocatalysis    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Traces and echoes of <i>De Architecturai> by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in the work of Xu Guangqi in 17th

Michela CIGOLA,Yibing FANG

Journal Article

Effects of SO

Quanming Liang, Jian Li, Hong He, Wenjun Liang, Tiejun Zhang, Xing Fan

Journal Article

Low-k integration: Gas screening for cryogenic etching and plasma damage mitigation

Lefaucheux, Christian Dussarrat, Jean François de Marneffe

Journal Article

Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

Journal Article

The Potential Role of Powdery Mildew-Resistance Gene <i>Pm40i> in Chinese Wheat-Breeding Programs inthe Post-<i>Pm21i> Era

Shengwen Tang,Yuting Hu,Shengfu Zhong,Peigao Luo

Journal Article

Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

De Silva,Tharaka D. Rathnaweera,Adheesha K. M. S. Bandara

Journal Article

NiFeRuO<i>xi> nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

Journal Article

Torsional behavior of triangular web profile (TRIWP) steel section by experimental study

Fatimah DE’NAN,Hazwani HASAN,Mohd Hanim OSMAN,Sariffudin SAAD

Journal Article

Presence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of RE-<i>cmeABCi>-Positive <i>Campylobacteri> Isolated

Dejun Liu, Weiwen Liu, Xing Li, Hong Yao, Zhangqi Shen, Yang Wang, Jianzhong Shen

Journal Article

A highly efficient methodology for the preparation of

Yongxin Zhang, Shucheng Wang, Yaodong Huang

Journal Article

Thermal and Mechanical Properties Optimization of <i>ABi>O4 Type EuNbO4 By the<i>Bi>-Site Substitution of Ta

Lin Chen, Jing Feng

Journal Article

Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using – correlations

Journal Article

Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

Journal Article

<i>RR1i> and <i>RR2i> gene deletion affects the immunogenicity of a live attenuated pseudorabies

Shijun YAN,He YAN,Chaolin ZHANG,Tongyan WANG,Qingyuan YANG,Zhe SUN,Yan XIAO,Feifei TAN,Xiangdong LI,Kegong TIAN

Journal Article

Efficient acetoin production from pyruvate by engineered whole-cell biocatalysis

Journal Article